Urinary blockage is almost exclusively a problem reserved
for male cats, and occurs when the urethra becomes obstructed. The urethra is
the “tube” that drains urine from the bladder out of the penis, and it is very
long and narrow. When the urethra is completely blocked, and the cat has filled
his bladder to capacity, his kidneys stop making urine as there is nowhere for
it to go. With kidney “shut down” the body is no longer able to remove toxins
from the blood or maintain a proper balance of fluids and electrolytes in the
body, resulting in kidney failure and eventually death if left untreated.
Initially cats may show signs of urinary tract inflammation,
such as straining to urinate, frequent urination, blood in the urine, painful
urination, or inappropriate urination (urinating somewhere other than the
litter box). Once the cat becomes obstructed (blocked), they may attempt to
urinate in the litter box but will produce only drops of urine or no urine at
all. They may cry, move restlessly, or hide because of discomfort. Eventually
they will lose their appetites, generally begin to vomit, and become lethargic.
Complete obstruction can cause kidney failure in as little as 24 hours, and
potentially death in as little as 48 hours.
Prognosis for recovery is often excellent if treated
appropriately and in time. If sudden kidney failure does develop as a result of
the obstruction, it is generally reversible and will get “back in check” with
IV fluid therapy support. It is crucial to realize that the cat is at risk for
re-blocking for a good week or two from the time of discharge. This is because
the irritation syndrome that led to blocking in the first place is still
continuing, and as long as the episode continues, blocking is a possibility.
We hope that this case study has been helpful in teaching
you about this disease. If you have any questions or concerns about the blog,
please do not hesitate to contact us at Pekin Veterinary Clinic. Please check
back next month for our November case of the month!!
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